| Location: |
Central Europe, north of Italy and Slovenia
|
| Geographic coordinates: |
47 20 N, 13 20 E
|
| Area: |
total:
83,858 sq km
land:
82,738 sq km
water:
1,120 sq km
|
| Area - comparative: |
slightly smaller than Maine
|
| Land boundaries: |
total:
2,562 km
border countries:
Czech Republic 362 km, Germany 784 km, Hungary 366 km, Italy 430 km, Liechtenstein 35 km, Slovakia 91 km, Slovenia 330 km, Switzerland 164 km
|
| Coastline: |
0 km (landlocked)
|
| Maritime claims: |
none (landlocked)
|
| Climate: |
temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain in lowlands and snow in mountains; cool summers with occasional showers
|
| Terrain: |
in the west and south mostly mountains (Alps); along the eastern and northern margins mostly flat or gently sloping
|
| Elevation extremes: |
lowest point:
Neusiedler See 115 m
highest point:
Grossglockner 3,798 m
|
| Natural resources: |
iron ore, oil, timber, magnesite, lead, coal, lignite, copper, hydropower
|
| Land use: |
arable land:
17%
permanent crops:
1%
permanent pastures:
23%
forests and woodland:
39%
other:
20% (1996 est.)
|
| Irrigated land: |
457 sq km (1995 est.)
|
| Environment - current issues: |
some forest degradation caused by air and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of agricultural chemicals; air pollution results from emissions by coal- and oil-fired power stations and industrial plants and from trucks transiting Austria between northern and southern Europe
|
| Environment - international agreements: |
party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
|
| Geography - note: |
landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhere
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