Ports and harbors: McMurdo (77 51 S, 166 40 E), Palmer (64
43 S, 64 03 W); government use only except by permit (see Permit
Office under "Legal System"); offshore anchorage
Airports: 18
note: 27 stations, operated by 16 national governments party
to the Antarctic Treaty, have landing facilities for either helicopters
and/or fixed-wing aircraft; commercial enterprises operate two additional
air facilities; helicopter pads are available at 27 stations; runways
at 15 locations are gravel, sea-ice, blue-ice, or compacted snow
suitable for landing wheeled, fixed-wing aircraft; of these, 1 is
greater than 3 km in length, 6 are between 2 km and 3 km in length,
3 are between 1 km and 2 km in length, 3 are less than 1 km in length,
and 2 are of unknown length; snow surface skiways, limited to use
by ski-equipped, fixed-wing aircraft,are available at another 15
locations; of these, 4 are greater than 3 km in length, 3 are between
2 km and 3 km in length, 2 are between 1 km and 2 km in length,
2 are less than 1 km in length, and 4 are of unknown length; airports
generally subject to severe restrictions and limitations resulting
from extreme seasonal and geographic conditions; airports do not
meet ICAO standards; advance approval from the respective governmental
or nongovernmental operating organization required for landing (1999
est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 18
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 5 (1999 est.)
Heliports: 1 (1999 est.)
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