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Bosnia & Herzegovina Geography
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| Location: |
Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia
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| Geographic coordinates: |
44 00 N, 18 00 E
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| Map references: |
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Europe
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| Area: |
total:
51,129 sq km
land:
51,129 sq km
water:
0 sq km
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| Area - comparative: |
slightly smaller than West Virginia
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| Land boundaries: |
total:
1,459 km
border countries:
Croatia 932 km, Yugoslavia 527 km
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| Climate: |
hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast
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| Terrain: |
mountains and valleys
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| Elevation extremes: |
lowest point:
Adriatic Sea 0 m
highest point:
Maglic 2,386 m
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| Natural resources: |
coal, iron, bauxite, manganese, forests, copper, chromium, lead, zinc, hydropower
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| Land use: |
arable land:
14%
permanent crops:
5%
permanent pastures:
20%
forests and woodland:
39%
other:
22% (1993 est.)
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| Irrigated land: |
20 sq km (1993 est.)
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| Natural hazards: |
destructive earthquakes
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| Environment - current issues: |
air pollution from metallurgical plants; sites for disposing of urban waste are limited; water shortages and destruction of infrastructure because of the 1992-95 civil strife
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| Environment - international agreements: |
party to:
Air Pollution, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
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| Geography - note: |
within Bosnia and Herzegovina's recognized borders, the country is divided into a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation (about 51% of the territory) and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska or RS (about 49% of the territory); the region called Herzegovina is contiguous to Croatia and traditionally has been settled by an ethnic Croat majority
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