Transvaal (South Africa)

Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek

Last modified: 2002-08-09 by jarig bakker
Keywords: south africa | transvaal | vierkleur | boer | vyfkleur | zuid afrikaansche republiek |
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• 1857 : Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek
• Orange or Red?
• 1880 : Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek restablished
• The Vierkleur
• The Vyfkleur
• This flag in the old SA one

• South Africa
• Transvaal - Province
• Use of Transvaal flag by Boer movements
• Burgers flag (1874/75) - Potchefstroom
• Battle of Paardeberg
• 1877 : first British Colony
• 1900 : second British Colony

Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek

This flag was registered as the flag of the South African Republic for the Office of the Prime Minister together with the flag of the Republic of Orange Free State on 30 April 1983 (application 8 january 1982, amendment 5 March 1982). Certificates were issued for both in Afrikaans on 14 October 1983.
The text in English for the flag of the South African Republic:
A rectangular flag proportions three by two, consisting of three horizontal stripes of equal width, from top to bottom red, white and blue and at the hoist a vertical green stripe one and one quarter the widthof each of the other three stripes.
(Note: this means the green stripe in the GIF should be {216/3}*1.25=90 pixels wide!)
Source: "Some South African flags, 1940-1990" compiled by F.G. Brownell, the State Herald, june 1991.
Mark Sensen, 8 Mar 1999

Orange or Red?

It might be because the independent Boer republics were trying to capitalise on their Dutch connections in the hope of getting support from there and elsewhere in Europe against the British. However, by the 1920s it was clear that for the time being they had to be resigned to the British connection. Instead more emphasis was put on the idea of the Afrikaners (a term and language which was then becoming preferred over the Dutch used in the 19th century) as a people belonging to and shaped by Africa, as much as by Europe, and the "Van Riebeek" orange-white-blue flag was said to be the first flag raised in South Africa itself.
Roy Stilling, 15 Oct 1996

Even the earliest republics (Graaff-Reinet and Swellendam, which were set up in 1795) adopted the new Dutch flag. The reason was that they saw themselves as being Dutch, but no longer belonging to the Dutch East India Company (VOC) which still flew the old orange-white-blue flag.
The Afrikaners (Boers) of the Great Trek who whished to escape the British colonial rule, adopted Dutch-inspired flag for their new republics for the same reason.
When the new (now old) South African flag was created, it should unite the whites of South Africa: The Afrikaners whose forefathers left the Colony and set up independent republics (the small OFS and ZAR flag), the Afrikaners whose forefathers stayed at the Cape (the orange-white-blue "Van Riebeeck flag") and the British settlers (the small Union Jack). I agree with Roy that the Van Riebeeck flag was used as dominating part because of its importance in South African history.
And don't forget that the flag was adopted under the rule of the Afrikaner JBM Hertzog.
Carsten Linke, 16 Oct 1996

Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek reestablished

In december 1880 rebellious Boers again declared a South African Republic, which reestablished the "Vierkleur". This is the war flag of the former South African Republic (Transvaal), used during the Boer War.
Carsten Linke, 14 June 1996

Transvaal flag (or Vierkleur) is used by the Afrikaner Volksfront (Afrikaner People's Movement, AVF) as their Vryheidsflag (Freedom's flag), with an orange stripe replacing the red one.
Filip Van Laenen, 3 Oct 1996

The Vierkleur

The green in the flag stands for hope and youthfulness.
Mark Sensen, 3 Oct 1996

Thank you very much for the reaction. But actually I want to know something about the meaning of the flags and its colours? E.g. why three orange stripes at the OFS flag etc.?
Carsten Linke, 11 Oct 1996

The use of red, white and blue, and indeed of the unadulterated Dutch tricolour Boer flags needs no explanation, surely?
On specifics, Carr says the green stripe in the Transvaal vierkleur is supposed to represent "Young Holland" [p.83] (whether there was an actual movement by this name in 19th century South African and/or the Netherlands, or whether it was simply a referrence to the nationalist ideal of groups like "Young Italy", I don't know)
Roy Stilling, 11 Oct 1996

I received from an Afrikaner a message in which is said that the green band on the flag should represent how fruitful Transvaal is. It was designed that way by a certain Dominee (Reverend) Dirk van der Hoff. The flag was hoisted for the first time at Potchefstroom.
Filip Van Laenen, 15 Oct 1996

The Vyfkleur

The Combined Republican Flag of the Anglo Boer War has an orange stripe added under the entire "vierkleur" (the so called "vyfkleur" - 5 colors).
Bruce Berry, 14 June 1996

In Burger's 'Sovereign Flags of Southern Africa', 1997, are two 'vyfkleuren' (five-colors). The combined Boer armies sometimes used flags combining their colors. This flag was probably displayed by the Transvaal forces: the 'Vierkleur' with an orange bar across the bottom. Used c. 1899-1901
Jarig Bakker, 3 Mar 2001

Transvaal flag in the old SA one