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Languages and peoples of Russia

See also:

Sources:

Geografia^ Rossii. Drofa: Moskva, 1997
The Ethnologue on-line database. Summer Institute of Linguistics
“A Fortress of Languages” National Geographic Magazine

Legend key:

OFFICIAL language in the whole Federation
Official language in at least one of the Federation “subjects”
Language recognized by Soviet/Russian authorities but not official in any Federation “subject”
language not recognized by Soviet/Russian authorities.
Language recognized solely as variant of another

Indo-European
1. Slavic
  1. East
  2. South
    1. Eastern
      1. Bulgarian: Recognized but not official. (Official in Bulgaria)
      2. Slavonic (old church): Liturgic use only.
    2. Western
      1. serbo-croatian: Not recognized. (Official in Yugoslavia)
  3. West
    1. Czech-Slovak
      1. slovak: Not recognized. (Official in Slovakia)
    2. Lechitic
      1. Polish: Recognized but not official. (Official in Poland)
2. Baltic
  1. East
    1. Latvian: Recognized but not official. (Official in Latvia)
    2. Lithuanian: Recognized but not official. (Official in Lithuania)
3. Germanic
  1. West
    1. Continental
      1. High
        German (standard): Recognized but not official. (Official in Germany and Austria)
        Yiddish: Official in the Jewish Autonomous Region (and in Israel)
      2. Low
        Plautdietsch: Considered as variant of german (standard)
4. Romance
  1. Eastern
    1. North
      1. Rumanian (moldavian): Recognized but not official. (Official in Romania and Moldavia)
5. Greek
  1. Attic
    1. Greek: Recognized but not official. (Official in Greece)
6. Indo-Iranian
  1. Iranian
    1. Eastern
      1. Northeastern
        Osetin: Official in North Ossetia
    2. Western
      1. Northwestern
        Kurdish
        kurmanji: Not recognized. Unofficial ethnic flag
      2. Southwestern
        Persian
        Tajiki: Recognized but not official. (Official in Tajikistan)
        
        Tati
        Tat (hebrew): Recognized but not official
  2. Indo-Aryan
    1. Central zone
      1. Dom
        domari: Not recognized.
      2. Romani
        Northern
        Romani (baltic): Considered as variant of romani (sinte)
        Romani (sinte): Recognized but not official
7. Armenian
  1. Armenian: Recognized but not official. (Official in Armenia)
South Caucasian
1. Georgian
  1. Georgian: Recognized but not official. (Official in Georgia)
2. Svan
  1. svan: Not recognized.
North Caucasian
1. Northwest
  1. Abkhaz-Abazin
    1. Abaza: Recognized but not official
    2. Abkhaz: Recognized but not official. Unofficial ethnic flag
  2. Circassian
    1. Adyghe (shapsug): Official in Adygeya
    2. Kabardian: Co-official in Kabard-Balkaria. Unofficial ethnic flag
    3. Cherkess: Co-official in Karachay-Cherkessia. Unofficial ethnic flag
2. Northeast
  1. Dagestan
  2. Vejnax
    1. Chechen-Ingush
      1. Chechen: Official in Chechenia
      2. Ingush: Official in Ingushia
Uralic
1. Finno-Ugric
  1. Finno-Permic
    1. Finno-Cheremisic
      1. Cheremisic
        Mari (high): Considered as variant of mari (low)
        Mari (low): Official in Mariy-El
      2. Finno-Mordvinic
        Finno-Lappic
        Balto-Finnic
        Estonian: Recognized but not official. (Official in Estonia)
        Finnish: Recognized but not official. (Official in Finland)
        ingrian: Not recognized. Unofficial ethnic flag
        Karelian: Official in Karelia. Unoffical ethnic flag
        ludian: Not recognized. Unofficial ethnic flag
        olonetsian: Not recognized.
        veps: Not recognized. Unofficial ethnic flag
        votic: Not recognized. Unofficial ethnic flag
        
        Lappic
        Central
        Saami (kildin): Considered as variant of saami (skolt)
        Saami (skolt): Recognized but not official. Unofficial ethnic flag
        Saami (ter): Considered as variant of saami (skolt)
        
        Mordvinic
        Erzya: Co-official in Mordovia
        Moksha: Co-official in Mordovia
    2. Permic
  2. Ugric
    1. Ob Ugric
      1. Khanty: Co-official in Khantia-Mansia
      2. Mansi: Co-official in Khantia-Mansia
2. Samoyedic
  1. Northern Samoyedic
  2. Southern Samoyedic
Yukaghir
Altaic
1. Turkic
2. Mongolian
  1. Eastern
    1. Oirat-Khalkha
      1. Khalkha-Buriat
        Buriat
        Buriat (russia): Official in Buriatia, Aghin Buriatia and Ust-Ord Buriatia
        
        Mongolian Proper
        mongolian (halh): Not recognized. (Official in Mongolia)
      2. Oirat-Kalmyk
        Kalmyk-Oirat: Official in Kalmykia
3. Tungus
  1. Northern
    1. Even
      1. Even: Recognized but not official
    2. Evenki
      1. Evenki: Official in Evenkia
    3. Negidal
      1. Negidal: Recognized but not official
  2. Southern
    1. Southeast
      1. Nanaj
        Nanai: Recognized but not official
        Orok: Recognized but not official
        Ulch: Recognized but not official
      2. Udihe
        Oroch: Recognized but not official
        Udihe: Recognized but not official
Chukotko-Kamchatkan
1. Northern
  1. Chukot
    1. Chukot: Official in Chukchia
  2. Koryak-Alyutor
2. Southern
  1. Itelmen: Recognized but not official
Eskimo-Aleut
1. Aleut
  1. Aleut: Recognized but not official
2. Eskimo
  1. Yupik
    1. Siberian
Yenisei Ostyak
1. Ket: Recognized but not official
2. yugh: Not recognized.
Afro-Asiatic
1. Semitic
  1. Central
    1. South
      1. Canaanite
        Hebrew (old): Liturgic use only. (Official in Israel)
    2. Aramaic
      1. Eastern
        Northeastern
        assyrian: Not recognized. Unofficial ethnic flag
Language isolates