Last modified: 1999-10-22 by antonio martins
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This page was set as a resource for a better identification of cyrillic inscriptions in flags and flag related material. Somewhere along the way, we might have get carried a bit further than originally planned, but even if this table may look more complete, accurate or proffessional looking than some other web resources on the same subject, this page should NOT be taken as a linguistic source and we do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of the provided information. — Ed.
This page might need an unusual long time to load (some thousands of small images are involved) and the complete table cannot be properly grasped in a typical screen. We advise the interested visitor to print out this page for future reference.
See also the notes bellow.
| # | glyph shape | letter name |
usual transliterations and transcriptions |
languages | typical value |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sans font | serif font | |||||||||||
| normal | italic | normal | italic | |||||||||
| UC | LC | UC | LC | UC | LC | UC | LC | |||||
| 1. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | a, az | a | all | |
| 2. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | a umlaut | Maryan (Hill), Khanty-Kazim, Khanty-Surgut, Gagauz. | ||
| 3. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | a~ | a breve, a caron | Chuvash. | |
| 4. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ae ligature, a umlaut | Ossetian. | ||
| 5. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | a underdot, a umlaut, turned e, w | Azeri, old Azeri, Kazakh, Tatar, Turkmen, Bashkir, Uyghur, Kurdish, Khanty-Kazim, Khanty-Surgut, Karakalpak, Kalmyk, Dungan, Abkhaz. | ||
| 6. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | a underdot umlaut, flipped e umlaut | Khanty-Kazim. | ||
| 7. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | a underdot apostrophe, a umlaut apostrophe, flipped e apostrophe | Kurdish. | ||
| 8. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | be^, buki | b | all | |
| 9. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | ve^, vedi | v, w | all | |
| 10. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | v apostrophe, v apostrophe underscore | Koryak. | ||
| 11. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | ge^, glagolh | g, h, gh | all | |
| 12. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | g horiz. midstroke, g dot above, g breve, gh ligature, g inverted single quote, g macron | Azeri, old Azeri, Kazakh, Tadjik, Uzbek, Bashkir, Uyghur, Romani-Kalderash, Khakass, Karakalpak. | ||
| 13. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | g vert. stroke, g | Ukranian. | ||
| 14. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | g acute, gj | Serbian, Macedonian. | ||
| 15. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | g apostrophe, g apostrophe underscore | Kurdish, Koryak, Inuit (Yupik). | ||
| 16. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | g dot above, g hachek | Yakut, Inuit (Yupik), Abkhaz. | ||
| 17. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | de^, dobro | d | all | |
| 18. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | d caron, d horiz. stroke, edh, dj | Serbian. | ||
| 19. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | e, esth | e, je, ye, e acute, y umlaut e | all | |
| 20. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | e" | e umlaut, jo, yo, o umlaut, y umlaut o | all but Azeri, old Azeri, Bulgarian, Moldavian, old Russian, Serbian, Macedonian, Ukranian, Kurdish, Karaim, Abkhaz. | |
| 21. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | e~ | e breve, e caron | Chuvash. | |
| 22. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | e grave | Macedonian. | ||
| 23. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | e apostrophe, e apostrophe underscore | Selkup. | ||
| 24. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | e underdot, je, e hachek | Ukranian. | ||
| 25. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | c dot above | Abkhaz. | ||
| 26. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | c dot above cedilla | Abkhaz. | ||
| 27. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | z^e^, z^ive"te | z caron, z hachek, zh, j, c, j hachek, old style s (upper case: poud sign) | all | |
| 28. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | z caron umlaut, dz hachek | Udmurt. | ||
| 29. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | z caron cedilla, j hachek | Tatar, Turkmen, Uyghur, Kalmyk, Dungan. | ||
| 30. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | z caron breve | Moldavian. | ||
| 31. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | zelo | z dot, dz | old Russian, Serbian, Macedonian. | |
| 32. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | ze^, zemla^ | z | all | |
| 33. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | z umlaut, dz acute | Udmurt. | ||
| 34. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | z cedilla, z acute | Bashkir. | ||
| 35. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | j caron, dz | Abkhaz. | ||
| 36. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | i, iz^e | i, i caron, i macron, y | all but Bielorrusian. | |
| 37. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | i umlaut | Udmurt. | ||
| 38. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | i breve, y, j, y umlaut (upper case: yen sign), double apostrophe j | all but Azeri, old Russian, Serbian, Macedonian, Abkhaz. | ||
| 39. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | i grave | Macedonian. | ||
| 40. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | i macron, i caron | Tadjik. | ||
| 41. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | i | i underdot, i, i breve, i umlaut | Kazakh, Moldavian, old Russian, Ukranian, Bielorrusian, Komian, Khakass. | |
| 42. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | i underdot umlaut, i umlaut, ji | Ukranian. | ||
| 43. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | j, y, y hachek | Azeri, Serbian, Macedonian, Altay. | ||
| 44. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | ka, kako | k, k cedilla, c, ch | all | |
| 45. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | k cedilla, k, q | Kazakh, Tadjik, Uzbek, Uyghur, Khanty-Surgut, Karakalpak, Abkhaz. | ||
| 46. |  |  | (na) | (na) |  |  | (na) | (na) | k horiz. upper midstroke, q | Abkhaz. | ||
| 47. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | k vert. stroke, q | Azeri, old Azeri. | ||
| 48. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | k acute, kj | Serbian, Macedonian. | ||
| 49. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | k apostrophe, k apostrophe underscore | Selkup, Kurdish, Koryak, Inuit (Yupik), Chukchi. | ||
| 50. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | k caron, q, h apostrophe underscore | Bashkir, Inuit (Yupik). | ||
| 51. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | k dot bellow, q | Koryak, Inuit (Yupik), Chukchi. | ||
| 52. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | e^lh, lu^di | l | all | |
| 53. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | l apostrophe | Khanty-Kazim, Khanty-Surgut. | ||
| 54. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | lh ligature, lj | Serbian, Macedonian. | ||
| 55. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | e^m, myslete | m | all | |
| 56. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | e^n, nas^ | n | all | |
| 57. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | n cedilla, n tilde, ng | Kazakh, Tatar, Turkmen, Bashkir, Kyrghyz, Uyghur, Tuvinian, Nenetsian, Khanty-Surgut, Dungan. | ||
| 58. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | n apostrophe, n apostrophe underscore | Selkup, Koryak, Inuit (Yupik), Chukchi. | ||
| 59. |  |  |  | (?) |  |  |  | (?) | ng ligature, n tilde, ng | Erzian, Yakut, Maryan (Meadow), Mansi, Karakalpak, Altay. | ||
| 60. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | nj ligature (dotless), n tilde | Koryak, Khanty-Kazim, Inuit (Yupik), Chukchi. | ||
| 61. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | nh ligature, nj | Serbian, Macedonian. | ||
| 62. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | o, on | o | all | |
| 63. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | o umlaut | Erzian, Maryan (Hill), Udmurt, Maryan (Meadow), Kurdish, Komian, Khanty-Surgut, Khakass, Karaim, Gagauz, Altay. | ||
| 64. |  |  | (na) | (na) |  |  | (na) | (na) | o horiz. stroke, o umlaut | Azeri, old Azeri, Kazakh, Tatar, Turkmen, Bashkir, Kyrghyz, Yakut, Uyghur, Tuvinian, Mongolian, Khanty-Kazim, Khanty-Surgut, Karakalpak, Kalmyk, Buryat. | ||
| 65. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | o horiz. stroke umlaut | Khanty-Kazim. | ||
| 66. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | o underdot, grave, y umlaut | Abkhaz. | ||
| 67. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | pe^, pokoi~ | p, p cedilla | all | |
| 68. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | p apostrphe | Kurdish. | ||
| 69. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | p dot above, p | Abkhaz. | ||
| 70. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | e^r, rcy | r | all | |
| 71. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | r apostrophe | Kurdish. | ||
| 72. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | e^s, slovo | s | all | |
| 73. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | s cedilla, s acute | Chuvash, Bashkir. | ||
| 74. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | te^, tve"rdo | t, t cedilla | all | |
| 75. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | t cedilla, t | Abkhaz. | ||
| 76. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | t apostrophe | Kurdish. | ||
| 77. |  |  |  | (?) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (?) | tc ligature, c cedilla | Abkhaz. | ||
| 78. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | t caron, c acute | Serbian. | ||
| 79. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | u, uk, uqo | u | all | |
| 80. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | u umlaut | Maryan (Hill), Maryan (Meadow), Khanty-Surgut, Khakass, Altay. | ||
| 81. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | u breve, u understroke, u caron, w | Uzbek, Bielorrusian, Karakalpak, Dungan. | ||
| 82. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | u acute, w, u umlaut | Karachay, Ingush, Balkar. | ||
| 83. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | u double acute, u umlaut | Chuvash, Erzian, Karaim, Gagauz. | ||
| 84. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | u macron, u caron, o, o inverted single quote, o macron | Tadjik. | ||
| 85. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | u apostrophe, u apostrophe underscore | Selkup. | ||
| 86. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | u underdot, u umlaut | Azeri, old Azeri, Kazakh, Tatar, Turkmen, Bashkir, Kyrghyz, Yakut, Uyghur, Tuvinian, Mongolian, Karakalpak, Kalmyk, Dungan. | ||
| 87. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | u underdot horiz. stroke, u breve, , u macron | Kazakh. | ||
| 88. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | e^f, fert | f | all | |
| 89. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | qa, qer | q, h, kh, x, h understroke | all | |
| 90. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | q cedilla, h | Tadjik, Uzbek, Karakalpak, Abkhaz. | ||
| 91. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | q apostrophe, h apostrophe underscore | Inuit (Yupik). | ||
| 92. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | q caron, h | Azeri, old Azeri, Kazakh, Tatar, Bashkir, Yakut, Uyghur, Kurdish, Kalmyk. | ||
| 93. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | q caron apostrophe | Kurdish. | ||
| 94. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | omega | o caron | old Russian. | |
| 95. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | ce^, cy, cepoc^ka | c, ts, t cedilla | all but Azeri, old Azeri, Kurdish. | |
| 96. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | c cedilla, dz hachek | Serbian, Macedonian, Abkhaz. | ||
| 97. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | c^e, c^ervh | c caron, c hachek, ch, c cedilla, c acute, c, ci, ts hachek, q | all | |
| 98. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | c caron umlaut | Udmurt. | ||
| 99. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | c caron cedilla, c acute cedilla, j hachek | Tadjik. | ||
| 100. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | c caron vert. stroke, j hachek | Azeri, old Azeri. | ||
| 101. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | c caron apostrophe | Kurdish, Khanty-Shurishkar, Khanty-Surgut, Abkhaz. | ||
| 102. | .gif){kind=small} | .gif){kind=small} | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | c caron ogonek, j hachek | Khakass. | ||
| 103. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | s^a, s^apka | s caron, s hachek, sh, s cedilla, c vert. stroke (upper case: $), x | all | |
| 104. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | xa | x, s hachek c hachek, shch, s caron, s hachek t, s cedilla c cedilla, s cedilla c, c vert. stroke c cedilla, xq | all but Azeri, old Azeri, Moldavian, Serbian, Macedonian, Uzbek, Bielorrusian, Romani-Kalderash, Abkhaz. | |
| 105. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | tve"rdyi~ znak, er | w, double apostrophe, a breve, a caron, apostrophe | all but Azeri, old Azeri, Moldavian, Serbian, Macedonian, Ukranian, Bielorrusian, Romani-Kalderash, Kurdish, Kabardian, Chechen, Abkhaz. | |
| 106. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | y, ery | y, dotless i, a umlaut, i caron, i | all but Bulgarian, Serbian, Macedonian, Ukranian, Uzbek, Kurdish. | |
| 107. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | y" | y umlaut | Maryan (Hill). | |
| 108. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | ma^kii~ znak, erh | h, apostrophe, j | all but Azeri, old Azeri, Bulgarian, Serbian, Macedonian, Kabardian. | |
| 109. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | a^th | i caron | old Russian. | |
| 110. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | e^, e^ oborotnoe | e caron, e dot above, e grave, e, a breve | all but Azeri, Bulgarian, old Russian, Serbian, Macedonian, Ukranian, Abkhaz. | |
| 111. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | u^, u^la | u caron, ju, yu, u umlaut, ju umlaut, ju caron, , yu acute | all but Azeri, Serbian, Macedonian, Kurdish, Abkhaz. | |
| 112. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | a^, ia^, a^ko | a caron, ja, ya, ja umlaut, ja caron, ya acute, a umlaut, y turned e | all but Azeri, Serbian, Macedonian, Kurdish, Abkhaz. | |
| 113. |  | (?) | (na) | (?) | (na) | (?) | (na) | (?) | e, ie | i underdot e underdot ligature | old Russian. | |
| 114. |  | (?) | (na) | (?) |  | (?) | (na) | (?) | u^s malyi~ | a vert. stroke | old Russian. | |
| 115. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | u^s bolhs^oi~ | y dot above | Bulgarian, old Russian. | |
| 116. |  | (?) | (na) | (?) |  | (?) | (na) | (?) | i~otov. u^s malyi~ | i underdot a vert. stroke ligature | old Russian. | |
| 117. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | i~otov. u^s bolhs^oi~ | i underdot y dot above ligature | old Russian. | |
| 118. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ksi | x caron, x, ks | old Russian. | |
| 119. |  |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | psi | p caron, ps | old Russian. | |
| 120. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | fita | f caron, f | old Russian. | |
| 121. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | iz^ica | y caron | old Russian. | |
| 122. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | q dot above, q | Kurdish. | ||
| 123. |  |  |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | w caron, w | Kurdish. | ||
| 124. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | apostrophe, apostrophe underscore, double apostrophe | Azeri, old Azeri, Ukranian, Maryan (Hill), Selkup, Nivkh, Nenetsian, Inuit (Yupik), Chukchi. | ||
| 125. |  |  | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | (na) | double apostrophe, double apostrophe underscore | Nenetsian. | ||
| 126. |  |  | (na) | (na) |  |  | (na) | (na) | pipe, upper case i underdot, grave, cedilla, x cedilla | Tabarasan, Rutul, Lezgian, Kabardian, Dargwa (Dargin), Chechen, Avar, Adyge, Abaza. | ||
Cells filled with "(na)" stand for glyphs not yet added to this table but which may be easily deduced by analogy with its kin.
Cells filled with "(?)" stand for glyphs not yet added to this table and which cannot be deduced by analogy with its kin. (More information apreciated at <urseto@esperanto.nu>)
The languages considered to build this table were: Abaza, Abkhaz, Adyge, Altay, Avar, Azeri, Balkar, Bashkir, Bielorrusian, Bulgarian, Buryat, Chechen, Chukchi, Chuvash, Crimean Tatar, Dargwa (Dargin), Dungan, Erzian, Even, Evenki, Gagauz, Ingush, Inuit (Yupik), Kabardian, Kalmyk, Karachay, Karaim, Karakalpak, Kazakh, Khakass, Khanty-Kazim, Khanty-Shurishkar, Khanty-Surgut, Komian, Koryak, Kumyk, Kurdish, Kyrghyz, Lezgian, Macedonian, Mansi, Maryan (Hill), Maryan (Meadow), Moksha, Moldavian, Mongolian, Nanai, Nenetsian, Nivkh, Nogay, old Azeri (1940 to 1958), old Russian (before 1917), Ossetian, Romani-Kalderash, Russian, Rutul, Selkup, Serbian, Tabarasan, Tadjik, Tatar, Turkmen, Tuvinian, Udmurt, Ukranian, Uyghur, Uzbek and Yakut. These are not all languages using cyrillic alphabets (more information apreciated at <urseto@esperanto.nu>), although they gather certainly the vast majority of their speakers.
Some of these languages are known to have changed or reverted to the latin script (like Chechen, Tajik or Azeri), while others use the cyrillic script along with some other(s) (like Romani, Kurdish or Bielorrusian). Naturally, this table deals only with the respective cyrillic alphabet.
The transliterations and transcriptions provided were compiled from a large number of sources. The first of each row follows the system used in most of our pages which is the only that copes without ambiguity with all the letters listed. All other renderings into the latin script are either from other transliteration systems, linguist’s transcriptions, latin alphabet equivalences, etc. Some of them may apply only to one or few of the languages considered. Transcription systems based on a specific latin script target language were ignored, except for english based transcriptions. (more information apreciated at <urseto@esperanto.nu>)
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