Last modified: 2002-02-01 by franc van diest
Keywords: netherlands | holland | england | anglo-dutch union flag | protestant | orange-nassau |
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![[Anglo-Dutch Protestant or Union flag 1688]](../images/n/nl_uni1.gif)
Mark Sensen, 06 July 1999
(Note that the exact design is unknown, this is only a possible one! Spelling, font, placement of the words, etc. might have been different.)
Mark Sensen, 06 July 1999
![[Anglo-Dutch Protestant or Union flag]](../images/n/nl_uni2.gif)
Mark Sensen, 07 March 2000
On three of the flag charts I discovered a Dutch flag I'm not familiar with: a horizontal triband red-white-red called "Holland(s) Union Flag". All three the charts are English, one dated 1685-6, one c.1700, and one 1711.
Mark Sensen, 05 July 1999
On several Dutch old flag charts there is a 'Union Flag', as depicted on p.
134 of [laa13] Van der Laars 1913.
It looks like a red flag with black letters, but according to Van der Laars the
flag is red with white letters ("For the protestant Religion and the
Liberty of England"). In 1685 Louis XIV of France renounced the Edict of
Nantes and James II became king of England, which seemed to be a big threat to
protestantism in England and Holland; this may have caused the flag to be
adopted by William's party. For simplicity's sake the white letters on a red
field may have been replaced by a white band between two red bands in the
Anglosaxon world. In Holland that was not the case as this 'Union flag' for some
reason was depicted as black on red.
Jarig Bakker, 06 July 1999
It seems this flag was used by the fleet of King-Stadholder William III when
he sailed from Hellevoetsluis (Holland) to Torbay (England) on 11 November 1688.
(The fleet had over 300 ships and an army of 15,000 men).
According to Klaes Sierksma most flag charts give black letters, but this one
with white letters seems more logical since it's better to read. Sources:
"Vlagge-boeck van den Heer Paulus van der Dussen Captain"
(article about a flag book from c.1700), Klaes Sierksma in Spiegel Historiael,
December 1979.
"Oranje op de bres; Vorstenhuis en leger in de Nederlandse
geschiedenis", C.M. Schulten and B. Schoenmaker, Amsterdam, 1989.
Mark Sensen, 06 July 1999
![[William of Orange's expeditionary flag]](../images/n/nl_wiii.gif)
Mark Sensen, 07 July 1999
(Text: FOR THE PROTESTANT RELIG. AND THE LIBERTY OF ENGLAND - JE MAINTIENDRAY)
Scan of a drawing of this flag from C. Allard's "Nieuwe Hollandse Scheeps-bouw", Amsterdam 1694, depicted in several books. (Among others: [laa13] Van der Laars 1913 and [wil86] Timothy Wilson).
Mark Sensen, 07 July 1999
Thomas Babington Macaulay, in his "History of England", Chapter IX, describes William of Orange's departure on his expedition to England on October 16, 1688:
In the evening he arrived at Helvoetsluys and went on board of a frigate called the Brill. His flag was immediately hoisted. It displayed the arms of Nassau quartered with those of England. The motto, embroidered in letters three feet long, was happily chosen. The House of Orange had long used the elliptical device, "I will maintain." The ellipsis was now filled up with words of high import,--"The liberties of England and the Protestant religion."It may be some time before I can track this down, but I think I have seen an illustration showing the original motto "Je maintiendrai" in French and the complement in English. What I would really like, of course, is to see the original flag. I suppose that by "the arms of England" we should understand the royal arms, quartered by France and grand-quartering Scotland and Ireland. I don't recall what arms Orange-Nassau used then.
John Ayer, 07 July 1999
The coat-of-arms of Orange-Nassau were back then:Mark Sensen, 07 July 1999
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