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Kingdom of Sardinia - Part 2 (Italy)

Sardegna

Part 1
Overview
Royal Standard
State Flag 1816
Jack 1816
Naval Ensign 1815-1848
Merchant Ensign
Pilot Signal
War Pennant
1848 Flags
Flags According to Steenbergen Book (1862)

See also:

Overview

I have questions about the flags of Sardinia on the 1862 Bromme chart and the 1863 Johnson chart. All sources I have consulted indicate that in 1848 Sardinia began using the flag which later became the flag of the unified Kingdom of Italy until 1946, the green/white/red tricolour with the blue bordered red shield and white cross of Savoy in the centre (white) stripe.
Yet both of these charts show as the ensign of Savoy the blue flag with red canton, layered white and red crosses, and a crown over the centre most red cross, as shown here as State Flag 1816, which was supposed to have been obsolete after beginning in 1848. FOTW indicates that this was the state flag from 1816 to 1848. The 1862 Bromme chart
indicates that it is the naval ensign (Kreigsschiff). It is merely labelled 'Kingdom of Sardinia on the 1863 Johnson chart, and no other Sardinian flag is shown. The 1862 Bromme chart also shows a naval jack (National Go:sch), which is the same as shown as Jack 1816 but with the addition of the crown in the same location as on the canton of the naval ensign; the white Merchant Ensign shown (with some slight detail differences, but no crown added); and the Pilot Signal (Lootsensign) as shown , but again with the addition of the crown.
I understand that 19th century flag charts often perpetuated outdated information, as is the case with the 1862 Bromme chart, which shows an ensign for Texas (obsolete since 1846) and 30 star flags for the United States (obsolete since 1851). However, I would think that Sardinia was an important enough maritime power in the 1860s that such a major change in its flags as that made in 1848 would have been picked up by flag charts 14 and 15 years later.
Devereaux Cannon, 4 June 2001

Royal standard

by Jaume Ollé, 8 August 1999

I located some old Italian postcards containing Italian kingdom flags and CoA's, including the flag behind the lady in <www.antiquariumitalia.com> . Anyone recognizes it ?
Dov Gutterman, 25 July 1999

That's the Sardinian Royal Flag (sometimes called "standard") from 1848 to 1860
Norm Martin, 26 July 1999

It Is the royal standard of Sardinian (later Italian) Kingdom 1848 -1860. I posted this flag and the shade of green border is (in my image) very different (I followed W. Smith)
Jaume Ollé, 1 August 1999

From about 1814 to 1848 there was only the Royal standard (Kingdom of Sardinia, of course): a white flag with a blue border. At the centre the Great Arms of the kingdom. In the blue border a gold decoration made of Savoy knots and four letters F E R T in the corners.
Source: Gino Galuppini, Franco Gay, "Insegne bandiere distintive e stemma della Marina in Italia", in Rivista Marittima, 1992.
Pier Paolo Lugli, 18 July 2000

The Sardinian Royal Standard flag above presents on the left side of the coat of arms a red flag, white crossed with four moor's heads.
I am surprised : in my opinion, this flag should be the traditionnal Sardinan Flag (white, red-crossed).
Jerome Sterkers, 16 August 2000

Of course, white, red-crossed.The oval shields near the big shield is wrongly coloured too. Left shield must be red with white cross (St Lazarus Order). Right shield must be white with red cross (I think, Genoa)
Victor Lomantsov, 16 August 2000

I agree with you, but is no my mistake. It is Exactly as it shown in W. Smith's book.
Jaume Ollé, 16 August 2000

At J.W Norie - J.S. Hobbs: Flaggen aller seefahrenden Nationen, 1971 [nor71] (original print 1848):
190. Standard of Sardinia (Merchant the same as Kingdom without the Crown.) - White with a green border, embelished with dark green vines and in the corners the yellowish letters 'F', 'E', 'R', and 'T', from bottom hoist against the clock (since they are readable from the outside of the corners), with on the white a shield accompanied of four flags, dexter a red flag showing near the hoist two small white crosses with before and below it a red flag with a white cross throughout charged with a red cross with slightly shorter arms, and sinister a white flag with a red eagle (rotated to appear upright), and below and before it a flag with a cross of St. George.
Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg, 12 November 2001

Concering the letters FERT, according to <web.tiscali.it> it seems to be a motto of the Savoia family. The site offers "Fortitudo eius Rhodum tenuit" (His [Amedeo the 6th's] value kept Rhode") as an explanation, along with "Foedere et religione tenemur" (we are kept together by the pact and religion)
Manuel Giorgini, 29 November 2001

Amedeo (Amedee in French) VI, the so-called "Green Count" (1343-1383) because of his tournament livery, expanded the County of Savoy over Switzerland and Italy. He fought against the Ottomans, seized Gallipoli and defended Rhodes. He died of plague during fights in the Kingdom of Naples.
Ivan Sache, 29 November 2001

State flag 1816

by Jaume Ollé and Jorge Candeias , 6 November 1998

The flag with the crown on it is the ensign and also the flag used by the military installations in ports and by diplomatic residences abroad. It was adopted 30 December 1814 by letters patent of the King, Emanuel I. It was superceded on 15 April 1848 by a new ensign. As a state and port flag, it was authorized for a short time only, 6 March 1848 - 4 June 1848.
As a merchant flag, the same design but without the crown was used, which was also used at consulates abroad (as opposed to diplomatic residences). Although also adopted 30 December 1814, it was more formally codified on 15 January 1827 by a regulation adopted for the merchant marine.
Dave Martucci, 12 October 1999

I'm not sure about the date of adoption of this flag, but Zigiotto in vexilla Italica 2-24 shows a different pattern for "navy ensign" 1814-1816. If until 1816 the flag that Zigiotto shows was in use, we can assume that the flag quoted above , was surely adopted in 1814 for other use, was adopted as ensign in 1816.
Jaume Ollé, 19 October 1999

At J.W Norie - J.S. Hobbs: Flaggen aller seefahrenden Nationen, 1971 [nor71] (original print 1848):
191 Kingdom of Sardinia - As above but with the arms of the inner red cross going only ca. a third of those of the white cross it rests on, and the crown fitting within the white space available in that manner, and with over it a pennant with the hoist a cross of St. George, and the fly red, forked 1/6th, the upper split shown as white. Blue really dark, here.
Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg, 12 November 2001